Review about alternative control of fruit postharvest diseases by means of nanometerials

Post-harvest diseases of fruit and vegetables have to be controlled because of the high added value of commodities and the great economic loss related to spoilage. Synthetic fungicides are the first choice worldwide to control post-harvest diseases of fruit and vegetables. However, several problems and constraints related to their use have forced scientists to develop alternatives control means to prevent post-harvest diseases. Physical and biological means, resistance inducers, and GRAS (generally recognized as safe) compounds are the most important alternatives used during the last 20 years. Recently, nanomaterial treatments have demonstrated promising results and they are being investigated to reduce the utilization of synthetic fungicides to control post-harvest rot in fruit and vegetables. The collective information in this review article covers a wide range of nanomaterials used to control post-harvest decays related to each selected fruit crop including grape, citrus, banana, apple, mango, peach, and nectarine. Other examples also used are apricot, guava, avocado, papaya, dragon, pear, longan, loquat, jujubes, and pomegranate fruits. Index1. Introduction1.1. Economic Importance of Post-Harvest Diseases1.2. Problems of Synthetic Fungicides1.3. Alternative Control Means and Their Mode of Action1.4. Nanomaterials as Candidate to Reduce Fungicides Use 2. Post-Harvest Diseases of Citrus3. Post-Harvest Diseases of Grapes4. Post-Harvest Diseases of Banana5. Post-Harvest Diseases of Apple6. Peach and Nectarine7. Mango8. Apricot, Guava, Avocado, Papaya and Dragon Fruits9. Pear, Longan, Loquat, Jujube and Pomegranate Fruits10. Conclusions and Future Prospects 20 pp., 114 references.SourcesNanomaterials as Alternative Control Means Against?Postharvest Diseases in Fruit CropsSergio Ruffo Roberto 1,* , Khamis Youssef 2,* , Ayat Farghily Hashim 3 and?Antonio Ippolito 41 Agricultural Research Center, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil2 Agricultural Research Center, Plant Pathology Research Institute, 9 Gamaa St, Giza 12619, Egypt3 Fats and Oils Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt; aya_hashim43@yahoo.com.sg4 Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari ?Aldo Moro?, 70121 Bari, Italy;antonio.ippolito@uniba.it* Correspondence: sroberto@uel.br (S.R.R.); youssefeladawy@yahoo.com (K.Y.)Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 1752; doi:10.3390/nano9121752 file:///C:/Users/Usuario/Pictures/00%20pdf/Nanomateriales.pdf ?Pictures1 - BioTech,?Getting specific about nanomaterials 2?- Science Direct,?Emerging Applications of Nanoparticles and Architecture Nanostructures