Review about mango postharvest physiology and storage technology

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important tropical fruit with a delicate taste, pleasant aroma, and high nutritional value. In recent years, with the promotion of the rural revitalization strategy and the development of the poverty alleviation industry, China has gradually become an important mango producer. However, the short shelf life of mango fruit, the difficulty in regulating the postharvest quality, and the lack of preservation technology are the main problems that need to be solved in China?s mango industry. In this paper, the physiological changes and mechanisms of mango during postharvest ripening were summarized, including sugar and acid changes, pigment synthesis and accumulation, and aroma formation and accumulation. The physical, chemical, and biological technologies (such as endogenous phytohormones, temperature, light, chemical preservatives, and edible coatings) commonly used in the regulation of mango postharvest ripening and their action principles were emphatically expounded. The shortcomings of the existing mango postharvest ripening regulation technology and physiological mechanism research were analyzed in order to provide a reference for the industrial application and development of mango postharvest. Contents1. Introduction2. Physiological Changes in Mango during Ripening2.1. Changes in Respiration, Ethylene, and Energy Levels during Postharvest Ripening of Mango2.2. Textural Changes in Mango during Ripening2.3. Color Changes and Pigment Synthesis in Mango2.4. Flavor Changes during Ripening of Mangoes2.4.1. Degradation of Organic Acids during Postharvest Ripening of Mangoes2.4.2. Sugar Metabolism during Postharvest Ripening of Mangoes2.4.3. Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds during Postharvest Ripening of Mangoes2.5. Microbial Infection during Ripening of Mangoes3. Methods and Techniques for Regulating the Preservation of Mangoes during Postharvest Ripening3.1. Physical Techniques and Principles for Regulating Postharvest Ripening of Mangoes3.1.1. Low-Temperature Storage Techniques3.1.2. Controlled Atmosphere Storage Technology3.1.3. Low-Pressure Storage Techniques3.1.4. Modified Atmosphere Packaging Technology3.1.5. Heat Treatment Techniques3.1.6. Irradiation Treatment Techniques3.2. Chemical Preservatives and Principles of Regulating the Postharvest Ripening of Mango3.2.1. Calcium Salt Treatment Technology3.2.2. Oxalic Acid and Oxalate Treatment Technologies3.2.3. Edible Coating Technology3.3. Role and Mechanism of Plant Growth Substances in Regulating Postharvest Ripening in Mango3.3.1. Ethylene and 1-Methylcyclopropene Regulation Techniques3.3.2. Indole-3-Acetic Acid3.3.3. Abscisic Acid3.3.4. Jasmonic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate3.3.5. Clopyralid3.3.6. Melatonin3.4. Comparison of Different Physical, Chemical, and Biological Treatments on Postharvest Mango Ripening4. ConclusionsConclusionsWith the global expansion of the mango industry and evolving consumer demand, the study of the postharvest ripening of mangoes is of high research value. The postharvest physiological changes in mango are a complex process, involving ethylene release, respiration, energy supply, sugar metabolism, acid degradation, terpene volatile synthesis, carotenoid accumulation, and degradation of cell wall pectin. Existing studies have made progress in epiphenomena, metabolites, and key rate-limiting enzymes, laying the foundation for the development of postharvest ripening regulation technologies for mango. However, further research is required on the physiological and metabolic mechanisms of postharvest ripening of mango at the cellular, protein, and gene levels using modern biotechnology. The regulatory technologies for the postharvest ripening of mango are mainly divided into three aspects: physical, chemical preservatives, and endogenous biological hormones. The physical postharvest ripening technologies of mango are relatively old, mainly involving the use of low temperature and air conditioning to inhibit mango postharvest ripening during storage. Studies on novel irradiation, light, temperature acclimation, and physical preprocessing techniques are relatively lacking. Chemical preservatives for the regulation of postharvest ripening in mango are limited; only 1-MCP and calcium salts are clearly able to regulate metabolic processes associated with the postharvest ripening of mango. Although some studies [125] have shown that oxalate and edible coatings can inhibit ripening, few studies [127] have elucidated the specific regulatory mechanisms. The use of phytohormones is the most important technique for regulating the postharvest ripening of mangoes, and the hormones, including ethylene, ABA, IAA, CPPU, and MLT, can promote or inhibit postharvest ripening in mangoes. With the development of the field of plant physiology and biochemistry, an increasing number of endogenous plant hormones are being developed and applied. Although there is abundant research on the mechanism and technology of postharvest ripening in mango, there is a lack of relevant research in gene bank establishment, gene editing, variety mapping, metabolism and physiology network, postharvest ripening prediction models, and novel storage and transportation technology. These areas need to be explored by scholars to provide theoretical and technical support for the development of the mango industry. Picture is Figure 2 of the original paper, showing the main physiological changes in mangoes during ripening. SourceResearch Progress on Mango Post-Harvest Ripening Physiology and the Regulatory TechnologiesBangdi Liu, Qi Xin, Min Zhang, Jianhu Chen, Qingchen Lu, Xinqun Zhou, Xiangxin Li, Wanli Zhang, Wei Feng, Haisheng Pei and Jing SunFoods 2023, 12(1), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12010173https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/1/173Posted by Alicia Namesny ?