Postharvest Diseases of Apples and Pears - A Guide to Diagnosis and Control

"The production of apples and pears is a complex process involving orchard, storage and marketing phases. Modern postharvest technologies make the long-term storage of apples and pears possible. In Washington State, apples may be stored for up to 12 months and winter pears for up to nine months. Postharvest diseases can be a limiting factor for the long-term storage of fruits. Losses as high as 50-60% in storage bins prior to packing have been observed. Instances of severe decay on packed fruit in the boxes have also been observed. Fruit decay and repacking of fruit due to decay cost the fruit industry millions of dollars in losses each year. Decay management has been considered one of the essential components in a profitable production system for pome fruits. Because of the complexity of the production process, we are dealing with postharvest diseases in two phases, fruit decay in storage bins before packing and fruit decay after packing (Fig. 1). Several postharvest diseases commonly occur on apples and pears during storage. Depending on the nature of postharvest diseases, some diseases originate from infection in the orchard, while some are more commonly associated with the postharvest handling process. Orchard practices, such as sanitation and fungicide applications, insect control, and fruit handling practices after harvest prior to storage, can have great impact on the types and amount of decay in storage bins as well as decay on packed fruit in boxes. Sanitizing the water system and fungicide applications at packing are critical to reducing the amount of decay on packed fruit. Control of postharvest decay should start in the orchard and continue until the fruit are sold. Accurate diagnosis of postharvest diseases is the first step to implement relevant measures to control the problems. This publication is intended to provide visual aids and symptom descriptions for diagnosis of common postharvest diseases on apples and pears commercially grown in the Pacific Northwest as well as general recommendations for disease control." The text before is the Introduction to the 2005 Internet publication by C. L. Xiao, Postharvest Diseases of Apples and Pears - A Guide to Diagnosis and Control, Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center, Washington State University The contents are: Origins of postharvest diseases How to diagnose postharvest diseases Gray moldBlue mold Sphaeropsis rot Phacidiopycnis rot Bull?s eye rot Mucor rot ACCESS to Postharvest Diseases of Apples and Pears Key wordsPoscosecha??????? postcosecha????? postharvest?????? na-oes? ?????????????? ?????????????????????? post-r?colte????? ???? ?? ??????????????????????????????????????? na-oogst???????????? post-raccolta???? Obr?bka po?????? p?s-colheita????? ???????????????????????? hasat sonras????? ??????????????? Ernte???? ????????????????????????? ???? ?????????????????? postcollita?????????? poskliz?ov頠???? ?????? ????????????????? ??????????????? nakon branja???? pozberov頠?????????????????????? obdelovanje zemlje po??????????????? post-colleita????? ??????????????? pascapanen??????????????? ?il?onn postharvest??????? ????????????? p?c ra?as???????????? derliaus apdirbimas polepas tuai??????????? ??????????? post-recoltare???????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? sau thu ho?ch??????????????? ?????????????????????????????? zangemva kwenkathi yokuvuna????????????????????????????? Manzana??????????????????????????? apple??????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????? pomme?????????????? ???????? ??????????? appel??? mela????? jab?ko?? ma?㠠?? ????????????????????? elma????? ???????? Apfel?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Pera?????????????????????????????? pear????? peer????? ?????? ?????????????????????????? poire???? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? gruszka??????????????? pereira??????? armut??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????